Financial · View all words

a plan for how money will be spent

“Families need a realistic monthly budget.”

money spent on something

“Rent is often the largest household expense.”

money kept instead of spent

“Regular saving can protect people during emergencies.”

money that must be paid back

“Student debt can delay major life decisions.”

money borrowed and expected to be repaid

“The bank approved a small business loan.”

money gained after costs are paid

“The company reported a higher profit this year.”

money lost when costs are higher than earnings

“The store made a loss during its first month.”

fixed regular payment for work

“A stable salary helps workers plan ahead.”

money paid for work, often by hour or week

“The minimum wage rose after the new law.”

money paid to the government

“Higher tax can fund better public services.”

the amount of money needed to buy something

“The price of fuel affects transport costs.”

something bought or the act of buying

“Online purchase habits changed after the pandemic.”

money given for goods, services, or debt

“Digital payment is common in urban areas.”

money paid for a service or right

“University fees are rising in many countries.”

money saved or provided for a purpose

“The school created a fund for poor students.”

money given for a specific purpose

“The research project received a government grant.”

the money used in a country

“A weak currency can increase import prices.”

a legal state of being unable to pay debts

“Poor planning pushed the firm toward bankruptcy.”

the state of having a lot of money

“Rising affluence can change patterns of consumption.”

the state of being very poor

“Financial education alone cannot solve poverty.”

a large amount of money or valuable possessions

“Wealth is often unevenly distributed.”

something valuable owned by a person or company

“A house is usually a major family asset.”

a debt or financial responsibility

“Loans are listed as liabilities on the balance sheet.”

money or assets used to create more wealth

“Small firms often lack enough capital to expand.”

money received by a business or government

“Tourism revenue supports local jobs.”

the total value of sales over a period

“The retailer reported strong annual turnover.”

part of a company profit paid to shareholders

“Investors received a modest dividend.”

a person who owns shares in a company

“Shareholders voted on the merger.”

a share of ownership in a company

“Technology stocks can rise and fall quickly.”

a financial product where money is lent for interest

“Government bonds are often seen as safer assets.”

money paid for borrowing or saving money

“High interest makes loans more expensive.”

a loan used to buy property

“Many families need a mortgage to buy a home.”

one of several payments made over time

“The phone can be paid for in monthly installments.”

money paid or placed in an account

“Buyers need a deposit before signing the contract.”

the act of taking money out of an account

“The bank limits daily cash withdrawals.”

movement of money from one account to another

“International transfers can include extra fees.”

an act of buying, selling, or moving money

“Every transaction is recorded digitally.”

a document showing goods or services and payment due

“The supplier sent an invoice after delivery.”

the work of recording financial information

“Accurate accounting helps prevent fraud.”

an official check of financial records

“The audit found several reporting errors.”

the amount of money in an account

“Check your balance before making a large payment.”

more money or goods than needed

“A budget surplus can be saved for future projects.”

the amount by which spending is greater than income

“The government tried to reduce the deficit.”

the amount of money spent

“Public expenditure on healthcare has increased.”

the act of distributing money or resources

“The allocation of funds should be transparent.”

the process of buying goods or services for an organization

“Public procurement must follow strict rules.”

a raw material or product that can be traded

“Oil is a globally traded commodity.”

a product sold to another country

“Coffee is a major export for some economies.”

a product bought from another country

“High import costs can affect food prices.”

a tax on goods entering or leaving a country

“Tariffs can protect local industries but raise prices.”

a fixed limit on an amount

“Import quotas can restrict foreign competition.”

the desire or need for goods or services

“Demand for electric cars is increasing.”

the amount of goods or services available

“Limited supply pushed prices higher.”

a lack of enough resources

“Water scarcity can damage agricultural output.”

a period when the economy becomes weaker

“During a recession, unemployment often rises.”

little or no economic growth

“Wage stagnation can reduce living standards.”

rapid and unpredictable change in value

“Currency volatility worries exporters.”

how easily assets can be turned into cash

“Banks need enough liquidity to handle withdrawals.”

the ability to pay debts

“Regulators monitor the solvency of banks.”

property promised as security for a loan

“The lender required collateral for the business loan.”

how likely someone is to repay borrowed money

“Creditworthiness affects access to loans.”

failure to repay a debt

“A loan default can damage a person’s credit record.”

a fall in value over time

“Car depreciation is fastest in the first year.”

an increase in value

“Property appreciation benefits homeowners.”

an estimate of how much something is worth

“The valuation of the company surprised investors.”

a collection of financial assets

“A balanced portfolio can reduce risk.”

spreading money across different assets to reduce risk

“Diversification protects investors from a single loss.”

risky buying or selling to make profit

“Speculation can drive prices beyond real value.”

reducing financial risk by making another balancing deal

“Airlines use hedging to manage fuel price risk.”

the use of borrowed money to increase possible returns

“High leverage can increase both gains and losses.”

income earned from an asset

“Investors compare bond yields before buying.”

the date when a financial product must be repaid

“The bond reaches maturity in five years.”

ownership value in a company or property

“Home equity can grow as the mortgage is repaid.”

a financial contract based on another asset

“Derivatives can be used for hedging or speculation.”

a measure showing changes in a group of prices or assets

“The stock index fell after weak economic data.”

a standard used for comparison

“Fund performance is measured against a benchmark.”

profit from price differences in different markets

“Arbitrage opportunities usually disappear quickly.”

gradual repayment of a debt over time

“The amortization schedule shows each monthly payment.”

assessing and accepting financial risk

“Insurance underwriting depends on careful risk analysis.”

turning loans or assets into tradable securities

“Securitization can spread financial risk across markets.”

the total market value or funding structure of a company

“Market capitalization helps compare company size.”

removing government rules from an industry

“Financial deregulation can increase competition and risk.”

government policy that reduces public spending

“Austerity measures often affect public services.”

money sent to someone in another place or country

“Remittances support many families in rural areas.”

small financial services for people without traditional banking

“Microfinance can help small entrepreneurs start businesses.”

related to money or currency

“Monetary policy affects borrowing costs.”

related to government taxes and spending

“Fiscal policy can stimulate economic activity.”

related to the economy as a whole

“Macroeconomic stability encourages business confidence.”

related to individual firms, people, or markets

“Microeconomic choices influence household spending.”

designed to reduce spending or economic growth

“Contractionary policy may slow inflation.”

designed to increase spending or economic growth

“Expansionary policy can support jobs during a downturn.”

moving wealth or resources from one group to another

“Redistributive taxes aim to reduce inequality.”

taking a larger share from poorer people than richer people

“Sales taxes are often described as regressive.”

taking a larger share from richer people than poorer people

“A progressive tax system can reduce wealth gaps.”

the state of being unable to pay debts

“Insolvency procedures protect both lenders and borrowers.”

connecting savers and borrowers through financial institutions

“Banks play a key role in financial intermediation.”

a cost or benefit affecting people outside a transaction

“Pollution is a negative externality of production.”

a balanced state in a market or system

“Prices move toward equilibrium when supply meets demand.”

how strongly demand or supply changes after a price change

“Fuel demand has low short-term elasticity.”

a market controlled by a few large firms

“An oligopoly can limit price competition.”