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History & Civics · View all words

0marked difficult
noun

reform

/rɪˈfɔːrm/

a change made to improve a system

“Education reform changed the national curriculum.”

changeimprovementrevision
noun

independence

/ˌɪndɪˈpendəns/

freedom from control by another country or group

“The country celebrated its independence.”

freedomself-ruleautonomy
noun

citizen

/ˈsɪtɪzn/

a legally recognized member of a country

“Every citizen has rights and responsibilities.”

nationalresidentmember
noun

policy

/ˈpɑːləsi/

a plan or rule followed by a government or organization

“The new policy supports public transport.”

ruleplanstrategy
noun

election

/ɪˈlekʃn/

a process of choosing leaders by voting

“The election encouraged young people to vote.”

votepollselection
noun

constitution

/ˌkɑːnstɪˈtuːʃn/

a set of basic laws for a country

“The constitution protects basic rights.”

charterlawframework
noun

revolution

/ˌrevəˈluːʃn/

a major change in government or society

“The revolution changed the political system.”

uprisingchangerebellion
noun

treaty

/ˈtriːti/

a formal agreement between countries

“The treaty ended years of conflict.”

agreementpactaccord
noun

empire

/empire/

a group of lands ruled by one power

“The Roman Empire stretched across three continents.”

termideaconcept
noun

kingdom

/kingdom/

a country ruled by a king or queen

“The kingdom was ruled by King Richard for 25 years.”

termideaconcept
noun

colony

/colony/

a territory controlled by another country

“India was a British colony for nearly 200 years.”

termideaconcept
noun

democracy

/democracy/

government by the people through voting

“Democracy allows citizens to vote for their leaders.”

termideaconcept
noun

monarchy

/monarchy/

government ruled by a king or queen

“The United Kingdom is an example of a monarchy.”

termideaconcept
noun

republic

/republic/

a state where power belongs to citizens and elected leaders

“The country became a republic after the revolution.”

termideaconcept
noun

parliament

/parliament/

a group of elected people who make laws

“Parliament passed a new bill on education reform.”

termideaconcept
noun

government

/government/

the group that controls a country or area

“The government announced new rules for public transportation this week.”

termideaconcept
noun

law

/law/

a rule made by a government

“The new law requires everyone to wear a seatbelt.”

termideaconcept
noun

right

/right/

a legal or moral freedom

“Freedom of speech is a fundamental right.”

termideaconcept
noun

responsibility

/responsibility/

a duty that someone should do

“Citizens have a responsibility to follow the law.”

termideaconcept
noun

authority

/authority/

power to make decisions or give orders

“The mayor's authority allows him to approve the city's budget.”

termideaconcept
noun

leader

/leader/

a person who guides or controls a group

“The leader of the organization made the final decision.”

termideaconcept
noun

movement

/movement/

organized action by many people for change

“The civil rights movement changed laws across the country.”

termideaconcept
noun

campaign

/campaign/

organized activities to achieve a political or social goal

“The charity launched a campaign to raise awareness about clean water.”

termideaconcept
noun

protest

/ˈpɹəʊ.tɛst/

public action showing disagreement

“The protest outside city hall drew hundreds of people demanding change.”

termideaconcept
noun

archive

/ˈɑɹkaɪv/

a collection of historical records

“The national archive stored thousands of historical documents and photographs.”

termideaconcept
noun

source

/sɔːs/

a document or object that gives historical information

“The old letter was an important historical source for the researcher.”

termideaconcept
noun

era

/ˈɪə̯ɹ.ə/

a period of history with particular features

“The Victorian era was known for its strict social rules.”

termideaconcept
noun

legacy

/ˈleɪɡəsi/

something left from the past

“The old bridge remains a lasting legacy of the city's founder.”

termideaconcept
verb

rule

/ɹuːl/

to govern or control a place

“The king agreed to rule fairly and justly.”

useapplyperform
verb

govern

/ˈɡʌvən/

to officially control a country or organization

“The council was chosen to govern the small island nation.”

useapplyperform
verb

vote

/vəʊt/

to choose in an election

“All citizens over eighteen can vote in the presidential election.”

useapplyperform
verb

elect

/iːˈlɛkt/

to choose someone by voting

“The voters elected the new mayor by a large margin.”

useapplyperform
verb

debate

/dɪˈbeɪt/

to discuss different opinions formally

“The candidates will debate the new tax policy on live television tonight.”

useapplyperform
verb

represent

/ɹɛp.ɹɪ.ˈzɛnt/

to speak or act for others

“The senator was chosen to represent her district in Congress.”

useapplyperform
verb

declare

/dɪˈkleə/

to announce something officially

“The government plans to declare a public holiday next week.”

useapplyperform
verb

unite

/juˈnaɪt/

to bring people or groups together

“The leader worked to unite the different tribes under one flag.”

useapplyperform
verb

conquer

/ˈkɒŋkə/

to take control by force

“The empire worked to conquer new territories across the continent.”

useapplyperform
verb

abolish

/əˈbɒlɪʃ/

to officially end a system or practice

“The government voted to abolish the outdated law.”

useapplyperform
adjective

ancient

/ˈeɪn.ʃənt/

from a very long time ago

“Ancient Rome was one of the greatest civilizations in history.”

clearusefulrelated
adjective

medieval

/mɪd.ˈiː.vəl/

related to the Middle Ages

“The town still has several medieval buildings from centuries ago.”

clearusefulrelated
adjective

colonial

/kəˈləʊ.ni.əl/

related to control by another country

“Colonial America was ruled by Great Britain before independence.”

clearusefulrelated
adjective

civil

/ˈsɪv.əl/

related to citizens and society

“The new law expands civil rights for all citizens.”

clearusefulrelated
adjective

political

/pəˈlɪtɪkəl/

related to government and power

“The rally turned into a political debate about taxes.”

clearusefulrelated
adjective

legal

/ˈliː.ɡəl/

allowed by law

“It's legal to drive at eighteen in most states.”

clearusefulrelated
adjective

democratic

/dɛməˈkɹætɪk/

based on people choosing leaders by voting

“A democratic system gives citizens the right to participate in government.”

clearusefulrelated
adjective

historical

/hɪˈstɒɹɪkəl/

related to the past

“The historical monument was built to honor fallen soldiers.”

clearusefulrelated
adjective

national

/ˈnæʃ(ə)nəl/

related to a whole country

“The president addressed the nation on national television.”

clearusefulrelated
adjective

constitutional

/ˌkɒnstɪˈtjuːʃənəl/

related to a country’s basic laws

“The constitutional amendment protects freedom of speech.”

clearusefulrelated
adjective

revolutionary

/-ˈljuː-/

bringing major political or social change

“The revolutionary changes transformed society in just a few years.”

clearusefulrelated
adjective

official

/əˈfɪʃəl/

approved by an authority

“The official announcement came directly from the government.”

clearusefulrelated